Have you ever wondered about the origins of the diamonds on your finger or in your ears? Have you ever considered the way in which they are made, created and mined?
The diamond mining process is far-removed from the jewellery purchasing process of today. There was a time in history when mines seemed to be drying up of diamonds, making them incredibly rare and reserved only for royalty. Nowadays, you can purchase a stunning diamond engagement ring or bracelet, simply by visiting your local jewellery store or browsing the web. But how are diamonds mined? What are they made of? You may be surprised to learn more about diamonds, and how these precious stones have become such a key prize in our culture.
How do diamonds form?
One of the biggest myths regarding the formation of diamonds is that they are formed from coal. This simply isn’t true. Coal has rarely played a part in the creation of diamonds, even though this myth often forms part of school science classes the world over. In reality, geologists have stated that diamonds are formed in the Earth’s mantle, and are then delivered closer to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions. The creation of natural diamonds requires very high temperatures, as well as high pressure. Approximately 150 kilometres below the Earth’s surface, temperatures will soar to around 1,000 degrees celsius. This environment is ideal for diamonds to be created and formed, and is also known as the diamond stability zone. The diamonds in these zones are pushed up towards the Earth’s surface, where they are accessible via deep-source volcanic eruptions. Eruptions this far down will tear parts of the mantle where diamonds reside, and push them rapidly to the surface.
Diamonds are also thought to be created in a subducting plate, which could be as close as 80 kilometres below the surface, and could reach temperatures of around 200 degrees celsius. These types of plates where diamonds have been found in the past are generally thought to be rather rare. Any diamonds found in the type of rock that makes these plates have been relatively small in size, and not suitable for commercial use.
Diamonds have also been known to be created at asteroid impact sites. Over the years, a number of asteroids have hit Earth. As an example, if an asteroid the width of 10 kilometres hits Earth, it could be travelling at 15 to 20 kilometres per second. As the asteroid hits Earth, the impact itself would produce an energy burst that would be the equivalent of millions of nuclear weapons, and temperatures that are hotter than the sun’s surface. These conditions create an adequate environment to create and form diamonds. As support for this theory, diamonds have been found at these sites in the past.
What exactly is a diamond?
You may already know that a diamond is a gem or mineral, but what is a diamond really made up of? A diamond is the most concentrated form of pure carbon on Earth. It is also the strongest mineral on Earth, with other minerals such as graphite and fullerite not being as strong as the diamond. The strength of a diamond comes down to the molecular formation of the gem, where all free electrons are bonded, and create a strong tetrahedral lattice, which gives diamonds their superior strength.
Fake diamonds?
Did you know that there are synthetic diamonds on the market? These diamonds are synthetic diamonds, or man-made diamonds. Back in the 1950’s, researchers discovered the carbon code of true diamonds, and were able to reproduce this formation by converting graphite and molten iron into diamonds. Today, synthetic diamonds are created by subjecting carbon to immense heat and pressure, similar to the organic process that could occur underground. These synthetic diamonds look extremely like natural diamonds, and are not able to be distinguished by the naked eye. They’re also a lot cheaper than natural diamonds, however look extremely similar, if not the same.
Our fascination with this precious gem
There’s no denying that humans have a certain fascination with diamonds. From the way they look, to their cut, to the expensive auction prices billionaires pay for extremely large treasured diamonds, they have been incredibly sought after for thousands of years. Whether they’re natural or synthetic diamonds, their stunning beauty is one that should be treasured. Although, natural diamonds will always be of a higher calibre than synthetic, due to the immense process involved in diamonds being naturally formed.
Whether you’re looking for an engagement ring for a loved one, or are just looking to expand your jewellery collection, understanding the way that a diamond has been created and formed is always great knowledge to have, so you can understand just how important, precious and elusive diamonds can be.
by Australian Diamond Brokers : December 22nd 2016 Come visit our store or browse our website to find out more.